Yes, there's a lot of dialogue changes (mostly small changes). For example, a girl will add "little" or "young" to refer to her body in seducing talks with you, sometimes including your age too as they will acknowledge how much older you are, starting at 40+ yo MC). The receptionists at Golden Dragon will address you as Doctor if you pick the Expert Doctor start iirc, or Professor for the Academy. Your cock size if you pick the well-hung trait will also affect some dialogue by adding a couple of words or an extra sentence like if the girl is hesitant about sex, that's one of the things she can brought up. If you have Mountain Man, when you hire Ayden there's some extra added fluff about you matching his stature. If you bring Lovisa naked to see Tori for the first time, she will ask why Lovisa is naked. The normal dialogue will also have minor changes depending on Lovisa's affection, happiness, and if she is married. Lovisa and Tori's parents too, first meeting, will comment/talk depending on their daughters' well-being. Bring Tori as follower when doing Lovisa's quest will yield additional Tori dialogues during the course of the quest. Doing prowlers 3 with Nicole as follower will have her also giving additional dialogues. Etc. There's a lot of little things, I cannot describe them.
And then there are times when it does not. Like Caitlin sometimes still referring to herself as a slave even though you married her or still calls you Master after sex even when you tell her to call you another way (in my case, Husband since it's the default for a wife and I never bothered changing it). Several NPCs when chosen as wives also may not change their post-sex lines to reflect their new status in the house.